Pines only put on a single flush of tip growth each spring and then stop growing. Some spring pruning, however, is not harmful. It's probably best to prune them in late winter while they are still dormant before growth begins. Spruces, firs, and Douglas-firs don't grow continuously but can be pruned anytime because they have lateral buds that will sprout if the terminal buds are removed. Generally, shrubs and trees that bloom on new growth should be pruned in the late winter and early spring, while those that bloom on old growth should be pruned in late spring or summer. There are other factors that will determine when a tree should be pruned. However, not all trees should be pruned in the late winter or early spring. Winter pruning is also great for arborists as the harder ground provides them easier access to trees and the bare canopy makes branches easier to see and handle. Oak trees should be pruned in the winter months when the trees are dormant and beetles are inactive to prevent the spread of oak wilt. It also spreads via beetles, who are attracted to freshly-cut oak trees, that carry the fungal spores from tree to tree. This disease spreads through root grafts radiating outward from an infected tree. In Minnesota, oak trees are affected by oak wilt, a fungal disease that kills thousands of oak trees every year. Pruning in the winter can also help to slow the spread of diseases and pests. If you prune too late after new growth has started, you can limit the plant’s bloom potential for the year. This allows the tree to put its energy towards producing new, healthy growth when the warmer temperatures roll around. If you prune right before spring growth begins, any fresh wounds from pruning won’t be exposed too long before the new growth begins the sealing process. This inactivity along with dropping temperatures creates an ideal setting for pruning. Trees are dormant in the winter, halting their growth. Pruning late in the season before spring growth begins can prevent serious damage to your trees. You want to prune at the end of winter or early spring before any new growth starts. Prune in the late winter to encourage new growth in the spring However, if you’re looking to stimulate growth, improve the look and shape, and promote tree health, there are several things to consider when determining when to prune your tree. Most routine pruning is done to remove infestation, weak, dead or diseased branches, and can be completed at any time during the year with little effect on the tree.
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